Jonne

So, this lesson won't be so hard as the previous ones. Learning this will help you alot when you study further.

Let's start with spelling...

How to break a word into syllables?

RULES

The dividing line between two syllables goes
- before one consonant:
ka-tu, lii-sa, suo-ma-lai-nen
- between two consonants:
kyl-lä, met-sä, haus-ka, a-me-rik-ka
- before the last of three consonants:
[/i]rans-ka, kort-ti[/i]
- between two vowels which do not form a diphthong (see lesson 1):
lu-en, mai-to-a, ha-lu-ai-sin, ra-di-o

A syllable ending in a vowel is called open
A syllable ending in a consonant i called closed

EXAMPLE:
:: Luin tänään kirjan ja kävin uimassa. Ulkona oli lämmintä, muttei liian kuuma.
:: Lu-in tä-nään- kir-jan ja kä-vin ui-mas-sa. Ul-ko-na o-li läm-min-tä, mut-tei lii-an kuu-ma.

EXERCISE
BREAK INTO SYLLABLES:
a) ilo, kolo, muoto, asua, rauha, tietyömaa, riiuuyöaie

b) sanakirjoissa on monia sanoja, joita emme tiedä, tai joista emme ole kuulleetkaan.

(post into this thread)


GRADAATIO - Gradation

*ok, re-writing this part *

Gradation = consonant changes. It means that when you add a suffix to a certain kind of a word, the consonants change to others or disappear.

Gradation affects to words whose last syllable starts with k, p or t.
you'll need to change the consonants only if the suffix start with consonant. .. so this means that you don't have to change it if you're going to put the word into partitive, since the suffix of partitive is -a or -ä.. a vowel, not a consonant.

now see, gradation is only about the consonant that starts the last syllable of a word!

so.. how to change the consonants? which way to do it?

- a double consonant, just ingore the other of them.

kauppa - kaupassa, kaupat, kaupalle etc.
matto - matossa, matot, matolle etc.
kukka - kukassa, kukat, kukalle etc.

- letters & letter groups p, t, ht, nk, k change to voiced.

p -> v
kylpy (a bath) -> kylvyssä (in a bath), kylvyt (baths) etc.

t -> d
katu (a steet) -> kadulla (on a street), kadut (streets) etc.

ht -> hd
Lahti (Lahti it's a city) -> Lahdessa (in Lahti)

nk -> ng
kenkä (a shoe) -> kengässä (in a shoe), kengät (shoes) etc.

k -> 0 *
poika (a boy) -> pojassa (in a boy), pojat (boys) etc.

* when the k is in the between of two vowels, it changes to j.


- letter couples mp, nt, lt, rt assimilate to the fisrt consonant.

mp -> mm (kumpi -> kummassa, kummat etc.)
nt -> nn (ranta -> rannassa, rannat etc.)
lt -> ll (kulta -> kullassa, kullat etc.)
rt -> rr (parta -> parrassa, parrat etc.)

- lke changes to lje
kulkea -> kuljen (to go on -> i go on)

- in some words k changes to v if it has u's or y's around it
uku -> uvu (suku -> suvussa, suvut etc.)
yky -> yvy (kyky -> kyvyssä, kyvyt etc.)

Now, i hope this is a bit clearer now


EXERCISE

add the given suffix, and change the consonants in words.
eg. latu (-lle, allative) -> ladulle

a) Pirkko (-lle, allative) ->
b) ranta (-ssa -ssä, inessive) ->
c) puku (genitive form) ->
d) silta (-lla -llä, adessive) ->

__________________
-Jonne
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Jonne

2olly ya nani, is the gradation the difficult thing with this lesson?

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-Jonne
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Nani

yeah i guess so
first i want to know why do we use it and when do we use it ? what cases ???

Jonne

I see I see, i was wondering if i made it clear enough.. if it's ok, i'll move this thread away for a while and edit it.

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-Jonne
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Nani

EXERCISE
BREAK INTO SYLLABLES:

i-lo, ko-lo, muo-to, as-ua, ra-uha, tie-työ-maa, ri-iu-uyö-aie

!!!!!!!!!

Nani

okay , the syllables are okay i guess , but the gradation is diffecult

Jonne

good but
a-su-a *ua is not a diphthong*
rau-ha *au is a diphthong*
rii-uu-yö-ai-e *ok this was difficult to me too*

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-Jonne
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