Jonne

This lesson includes
- personal pronouns
- a text
- sentence stuff
- cases: ablative, adessive
- exercises
- introduction to verbs


Let's start with personal pronouns..

I - sinä
YOU - minä
HE/SHE - hän
WE - me
YOU - te
THEY - he

It - se


Salimin kissa on iso. Sillä on isot silmät mutta pieni nenä ja suu. Asman mielestä se on lihava kuin possu.

Salimin - a genetive of salim, which means "salim's", of course!
kissa - the nominative of cat
on = is
iso = big
sillä = on it. Sillä on = it has (verb "on" is used for 'to have' in finnish)
silmä = eye
mutta = but
pieni = small
nenä = nose
ja = and
suu = mouth
Asman mielestä = Asma thinks that... (Salimin mielestä, Jonnen mielestä, Nanin mielestä etc.)
se = it
lihava = fat
kuin = like/as
possu = pig

EXERCISE:
Translate the text into English. Change subjects SALIM, ASMA and KISSA to JONNE, NANI and lehmä (lehmä=cow).

ABLATIVE & ADESSIVE

ABLATIVE:
ablative is used for 'from someone'. Its suffix is -lta or -ltä.

Jonnelta = from jonne
Asmalta = from asma
Salimilta = from salim (see, you add an extra vowel before the ending, if the word ends with a consonant.)

ähtäriltä (a city in finland) = from ähtäri (as 'from a city of ähtäri)


ADESSIVE
it is used for 'on, at' but also for owning something.
the suffix is -lla or -llä, depending on the vowels of course.

talolla=on house
katolla=on roof etc.

if you add it to a person, or city, it means that s/he has something.

päivillä, kimmolla, pasilla, johannalla etc.

Päivillä on.. = Päivi has..
Kimmolla on.. = Kimmo has..
etc.

Päivillä on kissa = Päivi has a cat
Pasilla on auto = Pasi has a car.

simple.

EXERCISES:
Say
- from päivi
- from taru
- from pasi
- from mika
- salim has a cow
- nani has a pig
- asma has a car

-----------------------------------------------

INTRODUCTION TO VERBS

Verbs conjugates in four tenses; present, imperfect, perfect & pluperfect.
example:
present: he eats
imperfect: he ate
perfect: he has eaten
pluperfect: he had eaten

besides these, you can also conjugate them in four moods; indicative, potential, imperative & conditional. Indicative is a sentence like "i eat", "you eat" "she ate" etc. potential is something like "i will cry".. i can't explain it.. maybe something like future tense.. but difficult. most of the people can't deal with it at all so they don't use it. besides, for future it's enough to say "i do something" + tomorrow/next week etc. imperfect is like a command "eat! clean!" etc..and then, conditional is asking very kindly "WOULD you do that" etc. we will propably learn conditional and/or imperative.. indicative you'll learn with the time tenses.. and potential is too difficult.

anyway, i'll let you think about the present tense..

to sit = istua
i sit = (minä) istun
you sit = (sinä) istut
he/she sits = hän istuu
we sit = (me) istumme
you pl. sit = (te) istutte
they sit = he istuvat.

focus on the cases, the text etc. be sure to know the cases we've learnt by HEART. it is VERY important.

__________________
-Jonne
Guess how to pronounce it

xpsal

Thank you Jonne, very interesting lesson, here is what I could solve , please correct me:
Jonnin (or Jonnen) lehmä on iso. Sillä on isot silmät mutta pieni nenä ja suu. Nanin mielestä se on lihava kuin possu.
from päivi = päiviltä
- from taru = tarulta
- from pasi = pasiltä
- from mika = mikalta
When do we use -lta or -ltä
- salim has a cow = Salimalla on lehmä
- nani has a pig = Nanillä on possu (I'm glad I'm not the one who got the pig )
- asma has a car = Asmalla on auto (lucky Asma)
again my question is when do we use -lla instead of -llä

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Salim ۞ ۩ ۝ ۩۩۩

Jonne

Thank you Jonne, very interesting lesson, here is what I could solve , please correct me:
Jonnin (or Jonnen) lehmä on iso. Sillä on isot silmät mutta pieni nenä ja suu. Nanin mielestä se on lihava kuin possu.

Nice if you liked it i always afraid that i teach WAY too much in one lesson..i think i did so in lesson 5 lol. well.. just take more time to learn it then, or learn it in two parts i also noticed that i'm teaching a lot of grammar..from this on i will have some short texts, just like in this lesson.

then the corrections:
It's Jonnen. "Jonni" is a name too so Jonni's would be Jonnin. Otherwise good :D
from päivi = päiviltä
- from taru = tarulta
- from pasi = pasiltä Pasilta
- from mika = mikalta
When do we use -lta or -ltä
I explained this in some lesson (second?). There are three kinds of vowels in finnish;
front vowels, made in front of your mouth - A O U
middle vowels, made in the middle - I E
back vowels, made in the back - Y Ä Ö. A single word cannot have both front&back vowels (except in compounds for sure). the vowels decide the ending. If the word has any front vowels, the ending has them too, if the word has any back vowels, the ending has them too and if the word has only middle vowels, the word has front vowels. you just have to learn this rule. Therefore it's
- salim has a cow = Salimalla on lehmä Salimilla. The extra vowel is i.
- nani has a pig = Nanillä on possu (I'm glad I'm not the one who got the pig )
Nanilla. NANI has back and middle vowels, and back (or front) vowels beat middle so the ending has to have back vowels too.
- asma has a car = Asmalla on auto (lucky Asma)
again my question is when do we use -lla instead of -llä
I explained it already since the word cannot have back and front vowels mixed, the ending has to have same vowels as the word. and of course, middle vowels are neutral so they can be mixed with back and front.

__________________
-Jonne
Guess how to pronounce it

xpsal

Aha now I know , very nice, thank youuuuu

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Salim ۞ ۩ ۝ ۩۩۩

Nana_Brazil

Hey Salim.. did you take note of the truck`s plate number which hit me??????? ohhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

Jonne

hehehehe :P

__________________
-Jonne
Guess how to pronounce it

xpsal

hahahaha, are you also a fennish student Nana? I didn't see you in class earlier, you started skipping already don't worry the teacher is goooooood

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Salim ۞ ۩ ۝ ۩۩۩