Jonne

So, in this lesson i'll teach more cases to you.
full list of cases you can find from http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/finnish-cases.html with some explanations.

PLURAR
making a word plurar is very easy indeed. generally you just have to add -t, as you add -s in english.

talo - talot (houses)
kissa - kissat (cats)
kisa - kisat (competitions)
tietokone - tietokoneet (remember the rule with words ending -e?) (computers)
vene - veneet (boats)
laulu - laulut (songs)

something you have to remember
to not sound funny, remember that if the last consonant of the word it double k, p or t you'll have to delete the other of them. this is with EVERY CASE!!!!

lippu - liput (flags)
katto - katot (roofs)
lukko - lukot (locks)

you don't have to suffer with back and front vowels with plurar.. but irregulars.. there are some, and they are the best to learn word-by-word. later about them..just learn the basic plurar now!

also note that you can't add a case ending to this kind of a plurar..

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INESSIVE - INESSIIVI

inessive tells you that something is somewhere. it's similar to english prefix 'in'
inessive is made by adding -ssa or -ssä to the word.

talo - talossa (in a/the house)
laulu - laulussa (in a/the song)
helsinki - helsingissä (in helsinki)
kenkä - kengässä (in a/the shoe)

to know which ending add (ssa/ssä), look at the vowels. if it has any back vowels, then the ending has them too. if it has any front vowels, or only middle vowels, the ending will have front vowels.

the rule with doubled k/t/p works with this too

lippu - lipussa
katto - katossa

PLURAR

easy-beasy. just remember to add i before the ending.

taulu - tauluissa
katto - katoissa

just add 'i' before the endind!

when you say 'in boats', you don't say "veneeissä", but "veneissä". you must agree that veneeissä looks strange.

ELATIVE - ELATIIVI

elative, ending -sta or -stä, depending on the vowels, means the same as english 'from'.

oulu - oulusta (from oulu)
helsinki - helsingistä (from helsinki)
vene - veneestä (from boat)

PLURAR

same as with inessive. just add i before the suffix.

oulu - ouluista
vene - veneistä [yes you don't say veneeistä. wouldn't it look scary, huh?]

and you can't use this one with anything living (people & animals)

ILLATIVE - ILLATIIVI

propably the easiest case. you'll learn it from examples:

Oulu - Ouluun (to oulu)
helsinki - Helsinkiin (to helsinki)

the ending is some vowel + n
the vowel is the same that the word ends with.

and you most propably don't need to know the plurar of this case.. would you say 'to finlands', huh?

you can use this only with places. with people&animals you use

ALLATIVE - ALLATIIVI

..yess.. if i want to say "to/for asma" , i can't say "asmaan". it'd mean 'to asma' as inside asma. get what i mean?

the ending is always -lle.

jonne - jonnelle
asma - asmalle
satu - satulle
jukka - jukalle
atte - atelle (remember the rule with k p and t)

easy, isn't it?

EXERCISES

INESSIVE

say
-in ruotsi
-in kairo
-in amman
-in ähtäri

ILLATIVE

say
-to dubai
-to ähtäri
-to kairo

ELATIVE

say
-from dubai
-from kairo
-from finland

ALLATIVE

say
-to salim
-to nani
-to katti (same as kissa)


COMMENTS? too much stuff?
the next lesson will focus on expressions and words etc. not so much grammar.

__________________
-Jonne
Guess how to pronounce it

Joe Gold

I hope you plan a special lesson on most changes (i.e. kaupunki > kaupungissa, saari > saaren)... though it might scare some people off.

Btw. I'm not sure any more if it applies to all changes, but don't they apply only when the end of the syllable is a consonant? I mean, what is the illative of kaupunki?

Jonne

yes, i didn't want to include these in this lesson as it would confuse and scare people..
illative of kaupunki is kaupunkiin.
i am not quite sure if i got what you meant :S

__________________
-Jonne
Guess how to pronounce it

Joe Gold

Well, if I remember well the way they taught me, changes happen between open syllables (ending in vocal) and closed ones (ending in consonant). Note the ending of kaupunki (city). In the nominative, the last syllable ends on a vocal (i), therefore he letter before is k. Then take the inessiivi (kaupungissa), the same syllable ends on a consonant (s - as you separate kau-pun-gis-sa, if I remember well, a syllable in Finnish can't start with more than one consonant), therefore the consonant 'k' becomes 'g'. In the meantime, it remains 'k' in th illative (kaupunkiin) because the syllable ends on a vocal. (kau-pun-ki-in)

Same, or partly, goes for most Finnish words that en in -i, where 'i' becomes 'e'. (e.g. saari [island] > saaren)

Jonne

hmm we are talking about gradation.. i think..? In this lesson i wanted only to teach the most regular way to do this.. so people wouldn't get confused and start mixing all this up :/
I guess i got you with that, and you're right.. but i think you spell kaupungissa as kau-pung-i-ssa. *going to have a lesson on spelling*

by the way, what way did they teach the verb conjugation to you?

__________________
-Jonne
Guess how to pronounce it

jali

Exercices:
INNESIVE
ruotsissa
kairossa
ammanssa
ähtärissä
ILLATIVE
dubaiin
ähtäriin
kairoon
ELLATIVE
dubaista
kairosta
suomista
ALLATIVE
salimlle
nanille
katille