Jonne

7 = ح
3 = ع
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Let's start with hamza.. I guess you know that it looks like ء and that it's a stop. Actually, every word beginning with a vowel begins with hamza. 'if 'under 'all 'ana 'astika etc. It can also be in the middle of a word (maa'ida مائدة) or in the end of a word (maa' ماء). It can be above alif, yaa or waw.
Hamza above alif = أ
Hamza above yaa' = ئ
Hamza above waw = ؤ

Pronunciation depends, of course, on vowel marks. So 'alif with hamza' can be pronounced as 'a, 'i or 'o. Vowel marks are placed as
'a أَ, fat7a above hamza.
'i إٍ kasra under hamza
'u أُ damma above hamza.

BUT yaa' with hamza can be either pronunced as 'a or 'i (mi2a مئة and waw with hamza only as 'u. (mu2min مؤمن).

In Egyptian Arabic qaaf is usually pronounced as hamza (except in words like quraan).

And, of course, if you put a sukuun above any of these, it turns to '. Just a stop. No vowel.

SUMMARY:
Hamza is a stop.
أ is either 'a, 'i or 'u
ئ is either 'a or 'i
ؤ is 'u.


THEN let's move on to i3rab el ism. It means an analysis of the noun, and it's similar to a case system..like in Finnish. But there aren't so many in Arabic.. only 3; raf3un, jarrun and nasbun.
"Case" is shown by a double vowelmark in the end of the word, which gives it -un, -in or -an ending.

-un makes the word uncertain (nouns)
-in makes the owner of something uncertain (nouns)
-an is added to the object of action (verbs)

And of course, if the word ends with a vowel, you add an extra t there..
sana - sanatun, not sanaun.


DEFINITE ARTICLE

In English you have "the" and in arabic you have "al".

I guess an example will do the best here:

House=Bayt
indefinite: baytun
definite: al-baytu

Year=Sana
indefinite: sanatun
definite: as-sanatu

When you want to make an uncertain word, you just add the ending -un to it (done by placing two damma's above the last letter of the word as بيتٌ).

And when you want to make some word certain, you add the acticle al and take off the final -n of the ending.

Note that the l of the article assimilates with these consonants:
ش س ر ز د ذ ت ث ن ل ظ ط ص ض
it means that if the word begins with some of these consonant, the l of 'al' becomes it.
Sun = shams شمس
a sun = shamsun شمسٌ
the sun = ash-shamsu (NOT al-shamsu.) الشمسُ
and as you can see, the look of the article doesn't change. only the pronounciation changes.

When you write "ash-shamsu" in arabic, you add shadda above the 'sh', and take the sukuun of l away.

الشّمسُ

EXERCISE
make these words uncertain:
سنة رجل ظلام أستكة إنسان قمر

make these words certain:
سنة رجل ظلام أستكة إنسان قمر


and then, as i promised in the title, some nice words and greetings!

Let's have a mini conversation here.

-Hello
-Hi
-What's your name?
-My name is Layla. And yours?
-My name is Ali.
-Okey.. Bye Ali.
-Bye!

-السَلام عَلِيكِ
-أهلاً
-ما اسْمُكِ؟
- إسمي لَـيْـلَـة. وانُتَ؟
- إسمي عَـلي.
-أوكي.. مع السَـلامَـة يا عَـلي
-يَـلا بَايْ

-As-salaamu 3aleyki
-Ahlan
-Maa ismuki?
-Ismee Layla. Wanta?
-Ismee 3ali.
-Owkey.. Ma3 as-salaama yaa 3ali.
-Yalla Bye.

EXPLANATIONS:
As-salaamu 3aleyki (3aleyka to male) is a greeting which means "peace on you", used as English "Hello".

Ahlan means Hi.

Maa means what

Ism = Name. Ismuka = your name (male), Ismuki = your name (female), Ismee = My name.

Ma3 as-salaama = Goodbye

Yalla bye = bye.


I think this is enough for one lesson

If something's not clear, ask away!

Have fun learning.

__________________
-Jonne
Guess how to pronounce it

DigitaL MasteR

Mawdoo3on motamayez wa ra2e3on 7aqqan ya Jonne
Thanks so much for the lesson, you have presented it in a great way. I couldn’t do it the way you did, it's perfect

I've got some little stuff to add, hope you don't mind my friend

It's also called Hamza 3ala naberah, in case anyone encounters it said in this way, it's just the same.

That's totally true, Here are some more qaaf pronunciations
In Lebanon, syria, Jordan and Palestine qaaf is pronounced as Hamza
In the Arabian Gulf, Morocco, Algeria and Libya qaaf is pronounced as the letter g in English like in the word "game".
In Tunisia quaf is pronounced as the Fos7a qaaf.

I know your lesson is about Hamza not qaaf, but It just came up while reading your post, hope this doesn’t annoy you.

Thanks again Jonne for the lesson

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Because true friendship exists to remain and progress.
The real challenge is finding the kind of friendship;
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____________________
DigitaL MasteR: Alex

Jonne

Nice if you liked it I hope it doesn't sound too complicated loll.

__________________
-Jonne
Guess how to pronounce it

@dmin

Well done Jonne :-)

But, what's astikah?

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Jonne

mm this time you don't know a meaning of some word guess.

__________________
-Jonne
Guess how to pronounce it

Nana_Brazil

Note that the l of the article assimilates with these consonants:
ش س ر ز د ذ ت ث ن ل ظ ط ص ض
it means that if the word begins with some of these consonant, the l of 'al' becomes it.
Sun = shams شمس
a sun = shamsun شمسٌ
the sun = ash-shamsu (NOT al-shamsu.) الشمسُ
and as you can see, the look of the article doesn't change. only the pronounciation changes.

When you write "ash-shamsu" in arabic, you add shadda above the 'sh', and take the sukuun of l away.

Jonne- you mean when a word starts with one of those consonants, I take the letter ALIF + the first letter of the word I want to add the article (the)? Another thing... I have no idea about the words you gave us for exercises. Remember we do not have vocabulary yet. So please at least in the beginning add its transliteration and meaning.

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@dmin

While passing by, I can at least tell you about the meanings of the words and their prunonciations:

Sanah =Year =سنة
رجل = Rajul = Man
Dhalaam = Darkness = ظلام
* Jonne, not sure what you mean by this, I find it may be an Egytpian slang for some school furniture! أستكة
إنسان= Insaan = Human
Qamar = Monn =قمر

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