Linette86

Bonjour je suis en seconde année de Biologie et j'ai un devoir à rendre sur Clonig,what for? L'anglais et moi ça fait deux donc si quelqu'un pouvait m'aider à corriger les fautes je le remercie d'avance!!!!


"The cloning is a very new useful tool to study the early development of the embryo, or cellular differentiation and its disordered states, at the origin of cancers. Associated the transgenèse, technique of modification of the genome by introduction of sequences of ADN, it makes it possible to manufacture animals with a gene producing an interest therapeutic substance. It is the case today with the sheep and the cows -which produce in their milk or their blood- molecule-drugs like antibodies or enzymes which allow the blood coagulation.

Certainly the animal cloning would not have been at this mediatised point if the experiments’ interests were confined with the only advances in knowledge. In fact, it presents many ecological and financial interests at the same time. The cloning of animals in the process of disappearance would make it possible to avoid the total extinction of certain species. The financial interests are multiple, in particular in this new field of research which the Americans call "pharming", kind of hybrid between pharmaceutical research and agronomic. It is a question of manufacturing with the chain of the clones of animals of farms (cows, ewe, goat...) genetically modified (transgenic) to produce proteins or drugs. Also the cloning will make it possible to create in series of the identical animals of laboratories all (presenting for example the same genetic anomaly) or to provide human organs by the means of animals transgenic.

The cloning could be interesting for the breeding also but it is still too early for the statement bus not only the technique is not very effective but it as should be made sure as there are no genetic risks for the descent. If improvements were made, the animal cloning could make it possible to use the best reproductive males, for example.

One can also hope to preserve, thanks to the cloning, animal races inside a species. That was already carried out besides at the bovine one and the sheep. For the threatened species, it is to date only possible theoretically. To safeguard species in the process of disappearance, it would be necessary to have many ovocytes, and thus sufficiently of females, to hope to create some embryos. People cannot take the risk to bring into play the last chances of a species without to be result certain. Progress of research will make it possible without doubt to refine the techniques, but at the current hour, the reproductive cloning cannot make miracle in this field.

The principal application of the therapeutic cloning relates to the techniques of the Clerc's Offices. Already cells of embryos resulting from abortions were grafted on the man, in particular to treat patients reached of the Parkinson's disease. But these cells, recognized like foreign, are often rejected by the immune system of the patients. The therapeutic cloning would consist in obtaining fabrics even bodies by cloning of cells taken at the patient. Thus, more need to await the death of a donor: the grafts would be produced at will, and, resulting from the proper cells of the receiver, would have very few chances to be rejected.

To make revive an expensive being, become immortal? That is not topicality! On the one hand because technically, nothing can prevent our death, and on the other hand, because to think that an individual and his clone do not constitute that is a lure.
However, a question returns always: does one go clone to procreate? The technique of transfer of cores could offer new chances of pregnancy for a couple having difficulties of having a child. But it is at the same time all the filiations which one hustles. And by exposing the child at the enormous risks of genetic anomalies and physiological of the development even if one manages to reduce the frequency of these anomalies of the development, nothing makes it possible to say that one will be able to reduce their frequency to the same level as that of the sexuée reproduction. If it is perhaps there the only application of the reproductive cloning for the man, can people have recourse by occulting the batch of medical and moral problems which accompany it?"

The_FD

voilà j'ai fait quelques retouches à ce travail, mais j'ai surement laissé passé des fautes
Il faut que tu fasses attention aux articles! ils sont quasiments tous mal placé, pose toi bien les question des cas généraux ou particuliers, et évite de reprendre trop souvent la même structure de phrase "make it possible"

Cloning is a very new useful tool to study early embryo development, or cellular differentiation and its disorders, at the origin of cancers. Associated with transgenes, which is a technique of genome modification by introduction of sequences of DNA, it is possible to manufacture animals with a gene that produces an interesting therapeutic substance. Nowadays it is the case with sheeps and cows which produce in their milk or blood drugs like antibodies or enzymes that allow blood coagulation.

Animal cloning would certainly not be so much mediatised if experiments’ interests were confined only to knowledge improvement. In fact, it has many ecological and financial interests at the same time. Animal cloning while a process of disappearance would make it possible to avoid the total extinction of certain species. Financial interests are multiple, in particular in this new field of research which Americans call "pharming", kind of hybrid between pharmaceutical research and agronomic. It is a question of manufacturing farm animal clones (cows, ewe, goat...) genetically modified (transgenic) to produce proteins or drugs. Also cloning will make possible to create in series identical animals for laboratories (all of them having the same genetic anomaly) or to provide human organs by the means of transgenic animals.

voilà pour le moment, la suite au prochaine épisode ou par quelqu'un d'autre

__________________
L'histoire de la famille Bourdillon
Les fêtes d'Hébé
The flying dancer dancing

catachrest

Si je peux commenter, ma premiere langue est anglais et je n'ai jamais vu le mot "mediatized/mediatised" - je ne peut pas dire definitement que ce n'est pas un mot correct, mais certainnement c'est rare. Je dirais: "Animal cloning would certainly not be given so much media attention if..."

J'espere que c'est utile.

Merci
Susan

Linette86

merci beaucoup à tout les deux pour votre aide

The_FD

aller on continue un peu

Cloning could be interesting for breeding also but it is still too early for the statement. Not only the technique is not very effective but one should make sure that there is no genetic risk for the line of descent. If improvements were made, animal cloning could make possible the use of best reproductive males, for example.

One can also hope to preserve, thanks to cloning, animal races inside species. That was already carried out for bovine and sheep. For the threatened species, to date it is only possible theoretically. To safeguard species in the process of disappearance, it would be necessary to have many ovocytes, and thus enough females, to hope to create some embryos. People cannot take the risk to bring into play the last chances of species without being sure of the result. Progress of research will make it possible without doubt, but right now, reproductive cloning cannot make miracle in this field.

The main application of therapeutic cloning relies on the Clerc's Offices technique. Already cells of embryos resulting from abortions were grafted on man, in particular to treat patients affected by Parkinson disease. But these cells, recognized like aliens (), are often rejected by the immune system of the patient. therapeutic cloning would consist in obtaining even bodies by cloning cells from patients. Thus, in need of more donor deaths: the grafts would be produced at will, and, resulting from the proper cells of the receiver, would have very few chances to be rejected.

plus qu'un paragraphe, mais plus tard

__________________
L'histoire de la famille Bourdillon
Les fêtes d'Hébé
The flying dancer dancing

Linette86

Merci encore à toi, tu m'aides beaucoup!!!