Vinayakan

First the answers of lesson 8
8a
ghana, rādhā, dhīḥ, nighuḥ, dhūsara, kaṁsaḥ, dhārā, meṣaḥ, labhate, ghora, kailāsaḥ, nīyate, dhenuḥ, aṁśuḥ, pīyate, raivata, chalam, dhanam, sāvadhānam, avadhīyatām, raghau, adhikārī, ketuḥ, chāgalaḥ, haṁsaiḥ, māghamāse, chāyā, adhipaḥ, ghuṇaḥ, maithunaḥ, ghola, gola, abhidhānam, sādhūnām, avadhūtagītā.

8b
छागेषु। धीर। अघः। अधिवासः। अनेके। मनसे। भाषते। तैजसम्। धेनुः। छुरिका। मांसः। कंशः। मेघवती। नेतारः। अघंश। धूमनिपानम्। धारयति। छागलमांसं खादति। छिदिः। घनवनेषु। घोरवनेषु। आघातः। धूमविरोधः। छन् छन्। रघुवीरः। धावसि। भेषकः। भषको भषति।

Lesson 9
This time we will learn to write (and speak!) five new letters.
Here they are:
ca → च, ña → ञ ,tra → त्र, ṛ → ऋ, ṝ → ॠ.
1. ca → च, is mostly written as cha. Ca is the officially accepted transliteration.
च (ca) is like the cha in English chief. There is a slight difference. Ca is one sound, don’t pronounce like Tsya.
2. ña → ञ , is like ny, Spanish ñ. or French gn (magnifique). ञ (ña) is mostly written in combination with च (ca), छ (cha, chha) , ja or jha.
In this case we write the half form of the ञ (ña) → ञ्च (ñca)
Five is in Sanskrit पञ्च (pañca), can also be written as पंच (paṁca).
Don’t write पञ्च as पञच. Because the a is inherent to every consonant.
पञच is pañaca and not pañca.
3. त्र (tra) . This is a combined character. त्र (tra) consists of त् (t) + र (ra).
See the difference between तर (tara) and त्र (tra).
4. ऋ (ṛ). The pronounciation of give some dispute. Hindi and Bengali speakers will pronounce like रि (ri), and Kannada, Telugu, Marathi and Gujarati speakers like रु (ru). Actually it is neither ri nor ru.
According the old Sankskrit manuals of grammar the ऋ (ṛ) is a single retroflex vowel. Maybe similar to the English ir in girl. But nowadays it is not pronounced in this way. The Tamil onvoiced ரு (ru) at the end of word seems to be very close to the Sanskrit ऋ (ṛ). The u in the onvoiced is like i with rounded lips of the u.
ऋ is the initial ṛ. After a consonant it is written as a small comma.
कृ (kṛ), तृ (tṛ), सृ (sṛ). Don’t confuse with u:
कु (ku), कू (kū), कृ (kṛ). गु (gu), गू (gū), गृ (gṛ). नु (nu), नू (nū), नृ (nṛ).
5. ॠ.( ṝ) is a long ऋ (ṛ). पृ = pṛ, पॄ = pṝ
Now we know almost all vowels:
क् (k), क (ka), का ( kā), कि (ki), की (kī), कु (ku), कू (kū),
कृ (kṛ), कॄ (kṝ), के (ke), कै (kai), को (ko), कौ (kau), कः (kaḥ)

Exercises.
9.a Identify these syllables:
पि – फी – आ – ऋ – मु – मृ – ने – ल् – सू – सु – शौ – खो – धे – घे – चा – स् –
छा – ञ – त्रे – थू – णॄ – षु – यो – ओ – औ – रु – वौ – बु – बू – भृ – मा – लो – गृ .
9b. Write in Devanagari :
gu, gū, gi, gī, gṛ, gṝ, re, to, tau, pṛ, pu, cā, cā, nu, mu, mī, be, m,
l, s, bhū, bu, nṝ, nṛ, so, sau, śi, śī, le, lai.
7c. Read the following Sanksrit words.
चामरः - चेतनम् - नीचैः – पचामः - चारु - अचलताम् - परिचारिका - शत्रुषु - चिरकालवासिनः - चलति - चलित - वचनम् - समाचारः – चमुः – चायपानम् – चौरः - वाचालः - ञकारः – पञ्च - चञ्चल - मैत्रम् - चित्रलेखनम् - चित्रयति - ऋतम् - ऋचीषः - ऋतुः - ऋषभः - ॠकारः - तृणम् - अनृतम् - नृशंस - भृतम् - मृतक – परिवृत – पितृभिः – पितॄन् - पितृषु - दातृ - मातॄः - दातृणः - पित्रोः – अत्र – त्राणम् – चात्रा – सत्राजित् – संगणित्रम् – कुत्र – तत्र - पात्रधावनम् - शत्रुः।
9d. Write in Devanagari :
acaritam, acalan, cūṣati, tatra, pādatre, patrāṇi, pātrāṇi, ghṛtam, ṛk, vivṛta, ṛṣiḥ, ruciḥ, pacate, calanam, chalanam, sacitram, caritram, mitram, pañcadaśa, mātroḥ, mātṛṣu, dātṝn, dātṛbhiḥ, dātṛṇoḥ, ātreyaḥ, vṛṣate, capala, tṛṣā, sacit, citram, citrayita, paricayaḥ, dhāvanitram, bhṛguḥ, catura, nīcaiḥ, ñakāraḥ, anṛtam, sūcayati, ṛṇam, kutraiva, cāyaḥ, chāyā, ciñcā.

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ವಸುಧೈವ ಕುಟುಂಕಮ್ /The world is one family / वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्

Vinayakan

The answers of the previous lesson (lesson 9)
9c. cāmaraḥ, cetanam, nīcaiḥ, pacāmaḥ, cāru, acalatām, paricārikā, śatruṣu, cirakālavāsinaḥ, calati, calita, vacanam, samācāraḥ, camuḥ, cāyapānam, cauraḥ, vācālaḥ, ñakāraḥ, pañca, cañcala, maitram, citralekhanam, citrayati, ṛtam, ṛcīṣaḥ, ṛtuḥ, ṛṣabhaḥ, ṝkāraḥ, tṛṇam, anṛtam, nṛśaṁsa, bhṛtam, mṛtaka, parivṛta, pitṛbhiḥ, pitṝn, pitṛṣu, dātṛ, mātṝḥ, dātṛṇaḥ, pitroḥ, atra, trāṇam, cātrā, satrājit, saṁgaṇitram, kutra, tatra, pātradhāvanam, śatruḥ.
9d. अचरितम् – अचलन् – चूषति – तत्र – पादत्रे – पत्राणि – पात्राणि – घृतम् – ऋक् – विवृत – ऋषिः – रुचिः – पचते – चलनम् – छलनम् – सचित्रम् – चरित्रम् – मित्रम् – पञ्चदश – मात्रोः – मातृषु – दातॄन् – दातृभिः – दातृणोः – आत्रेयः – वृषते – चपल – तृषा – सचित् – चित्रम् – चित्रयित – परिचयः – धावनित्रम् – भृगुः – चतुर – नीचैः – ञकारः – अनृतम् – सूचयति – ऋणम् – कुत्रैव – चायः – छाया – चिञ्चा – ॠकारः – अचालयत् ।

Lesson 10
Two new consonant, one combined consonant and two vowel:
ja → ज, jña → ज्ञ, u → उ, ū → ऊ ,
ज (ja) is like j in English. ज्ञ (jña) is a combined symbol. It consists of ज् (j) and ञ (ña) . The pronounciation is like it is written. As "jnya" and not as "gya" like in Hindi, and nor as ஞ like in Tamil.
उ (u) ऊ(ū) are short and long u, both used in initial position.
Compare:
pu → पु ; upa → उप ; pū → पू ; ūpa → ऊप .

Some exercises:
Reading:10
जीवनम् – जागृतिः – जलजः – जिज्ञासा – जिज्ञासित – उपवनम् – उपयोगः – उपाहारः –
ऊनयति – ऊरुः – कूजति – जरा – पराजयः - पराजितशत्रवः – उपाधिः – ज्ञानज – उमा –
कूजति – कूजित – उपकृत – जीवति – विज्ञानम् – ऊहा – जगत् – गृहजात – विजेतुमागत – अजायत – काजूतकम् – ऊपासना – जलपानम् – रजसा – यजामि – चेतना – ऋतुजम् –
जिजीविषा – जिज्ञीषा – जपमाल – यज्ञशाला।
Write in Devanagari 10
apakāraḥ, upakāraḥ, upāhāraḥ, jalam, jānāmi, ajā, pūjanam, gaṇapatipūjā, jñānam, ajñaḥ, udayati, bhanūdayaḥ, jñānodayaḥ, udakam, upamā, ūṣara, bhāṣājñaḥ, vijayapātram, ajānatām, gajaḥ, ulūkaḥ, parājayaḥ, jajñe, trijāta, ūhita, ūhati, ubhaye, gurujanāḥ, bhoojanam, tripuravijayaḥ, udāracaritram, upaveśayāmi.

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ವಸುಧೈವ ಕುಟುಂಕಮ್ /The world is one family / वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्

Vinayakan

I am sorry you had to wait for the next lesson. From Saturday I will continue. I beg for a little patience. I will complete all lessons.

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ವಸುಧೈವ ಕುಟುಂಕಮ್ /The world is one family / वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्

suman09

hey!!! i came across a site namely QuillPad this helps you write in hindi...you write a hindi sentence in english n it ll convert that to devnagiri script...fir example u wish to write what is ur name in hindi...then write:
aapka naam kya hai??
this ll be translated as:आपका नाम क्या है??

Vinayakan

Here is the solution of the exercise of lesson 10.
10.a
jīvanam, jāgṛtiḥ, jalajaḥ, jijñāsā, jijñāsita, upavanam, upayogaḥ, upāhāraḥ, ūnayati, ūruḥ, kūjati, jarā, parājayaḥ, parājitaśatravaḥ, upādhiḥ, jñānaja, umā, kūjati, kūjita, upakṛta, jīvati, vijñānam, ūhā, jagat, gṛhajāta, vijetumāgata, ajāyata, kājūtakam, ūpāsanā, jalapānam, rajasā, yajāmi, cetanā, ṛtujam, jijīviṣā, jijñīṣā, japamāla, yajñaśālā.
10.b
अपकारः – उपकारः – उपाहारः – जलम् – जानामि – अजा – पूजनम् – गणपतिपूजा – ज्ञानम् – अज्ञः – उदयति – भनूदयः – ज्ञानोदयः – उदकम् – उपमा – ऊषर – भाषाज्ञः – विजयपात्रम् – अजानताम् – गजः – उलूकः – पराजयः – जज्ञे – त्रिजात – ऊहित – ऊहति – उभये – गुरुजनाः – भोजनम् – त्रिपुरविजयः – उदारचरित्रम् – उपवेशयामि ।


Lesson 11
ṭa → ट , ḍha → ढ , da → द , ṭha → ठ

Letters with a dot in Roman transliteration are retroflex or also called cerebral. The tip of the tongue is placed behind the alveolar ridge, and may even be curled back to touch the palate: that is, they are articulated in the postalveolar to palatal region of the mouth. In the Indian language you have to make difference between dental and retroflex consonants.
The t and d in French are clearly dental. In English they are a bit towards retroflex. In Indian English they are pronounced retroflexly.
Show also the difference between aspirant and non-aspirant consonants.
In Sanskrit (and also in Hindi, Bengali etc) they are four different ways to pronounce t and d. ( ta, tha, ṭa and ṭha).
द् (d) change a little in combination with ऋ (ṛ) → द् (d) +ऋ (ṛ) =दृ (dṛ)
Reading exercise 11
पाठः – देशः – अटतौ – दशकुमारचरितम् – मठः – मतम् – दारु – नटति – दूरम् – दोषः – ढकारः – दुराशयः – ददौ – पीठका – उदार – कठोपनिषत् – कथापाठकः – ढालः – चपेटा – काठ – ललाटम् – कठोर – कीटा – दिनानि – दृगन्तः– पाठं पठथ – दूरदेशेषु – दशरथः – पुत्रीगृहम् – गुरुदेवपादपूजनम् – सारथिः – राजदूतावासः – रात्रौ।

Writing exercise 11.
dūrāt, ekādaśa, maṭhiḥ, divasau, paṭhati, dṛḍham, nāṭakaḥ, dinam, pāṭhau, devaḥ, aṭavī, dadāti, apaṭhan, dārāḥ, madanaḥ, pīṭham, devālayaḥ, ṭīkā, śaṭhaḥ, vidārayati, capeṭayati, dāruṇa, kaṭu, kuṭiraḥ, adadām, putradoṣaḥ, dinamukham, kīṭanāśakaḥ, pāṭhamālā, kedāranāthaḥ, deśajaghṛtam, rathapīṭham, apaṭhāma.

Excuse me for being absent for a long time. From now I will finish this course untill the end.

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ವಸುಧೈವ ಕುಟುಂಕಮ್ /The world is one family / वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्

Vinayakan

Please check how you wrote the exercises of the previous lesson.
For learning a new script it is not nessesary to practise a long time at once. The secret of script-learning is to repeat. Repeat again and again. Daily or better more times a day.

Repeat the previous lessons before you start with lesson 12. Know that these are all existing Sanskrit words.

Here is the key of lesson 11:
11. pāṭhaḥ, deśaḥ, aṭatau, daśakumāracaritam, maṭhaḥ, matam, dāru, naṭati, dūram, doṣaḥ, ḍhakāraḥ, durāśayaḥ, dadau, pīṭhakā, udāra, kaṭhopaniṣat, kathāpāṭhakaḥ, ḍhālaḥ, capeṭā, kāṭha, lalāṭam, kaṭhora, kīṭā, dināni, dṛgantaḥ, pāṭhaṁ paṭhatha, dūradeśeṣu, daśarathaḥ, putrīgṛham, gurudevapādapūjanam, sārathiḥ, rājadūtāvāsaḥ, rātrau.
11. दूरात् – एकादश – मठिः – दिवसौ – पठति – दृढम् – नाटकः – दिनम् – पाठौ – देवः - अटवी – ददाति – अपठन् – दाराः – मदनः – पीठम् – देवालयः – टीका – शठः – विदारयति – चपेटयति – दारुण – कटु – कुटिरः – अददाम् – पुत्रदोषः – दिनमुखम् – कीटनाशकः – पाठमाला - केदारनाथः – देशजघृतम् – रथपीठम् –अपठाम।

Lesson 12
ḍa → ड ṅa → ङ i → इ ī → ई jha→ झ
You will see that the shape of the above written characters are almost the same. The base is ड (ḍa) . The pronounciation of ङ (ṅa) is the ng in English “ring”. In Sanskrit always in combination with क (ka), ख (kha), ग (ga) or घ (gha).
ङ् + क → ङ्क ङ् + ख → ङ्ख ङ् + ग → ङ्ग ङ् + घ → ङ्घ
In later we will learn how to write combined characters. I will also give some examples of Sanskrit handwriting.
ई (lī ) has double length of इ (i) .
Please note that इ (i) and ई (ī ) are written at the beginning of a word.
So we have ki → कि ; ika → इक ; kī → की ; īka → ईक
Exercises
12a For reading and for transliteration into Roman:
ईशोपनिषत् – इदानीम् – झटिति – जड – नीदम् – इषुः – झरा – मूढ – लृट् – ईहसे – आपीडनम् – ङकारः – झरी – लुठित – इति - ईहते – झौलिकः – इयम् – लोडनम् – इमाम् – औपनिषद – इव – इह – इदम् – जडता – ईषत् – झलिषयति ।
12b. For writing and for transliteration into Devanagari:
ḍamaruḥ, pīḍā, iyat, itaḥ, īḍā, jharita, luṭhati, īhe, nīḍaḥ, ibhaḥ, iyate, īḍe, loṭhanam, īrayati, īdṛk, īdṛśa, laṭ, auṣīra, iṣukāraḥ, jharījalam.

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ವಸುಧೈವ ಕುಟುಂಕಮ್ /The world is one family / वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्

Vinayakan

The key of lesson 12
12a. īśopaniṣat, idānīm, jhaṭiti, jaḍa, nīdam, iṣuḥ, jharā, mūḍha, lṛṭ, īhase, āpīḍanam, ṅakāraḥ, jharī, luṭhita, iti, īhate, jhaulikaḥ, iyam, loḍanam, imām, aupaniṣada, iva, iha, idam, jaḍatā, īṣat, jhaliṣayati.
12b. डमरुः – पीडा – इयत् – इतः – ईडा – झरित – लुठति – ईहे – नीडः – इभः – इयते ईडे – लोठनम् – ईरयति – ईदृक् – ईदृश – लट् – औषीर – इषुकारः – झरीजलम् ।

Lesson 13
ha → ह e → ए ai → ऐ
Mark how to make the combination ह् (h ) with ऋ (ṛ) → हृ (hṛ). ṛ is written in de middle of h and not at the bottom of the character.
ए (e) and ऐ (ai) are written at the beginning of a word.
So: ke → के ; eka → एक ; kai → कै aika → ऐक
Now we know all the vowel signs of the script.
Here they are in alphabetical arrangement (intitial position).
अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ ॠ ऌ ए ऐ ओ औ

Here the same along with a consonant. (क् (k)in this case)
क का कि की कु कू कृ कॄ कॢ के कै को कौ

Exercise13 a
Separate the vowel from the consonant.
Example क = क् + अ , तै = त् + ऐ .
मु – कि – लो – तै – स – पा – नृ – बू – खे – सी – शृ – रू – व – घौ – गृ – दु – रु – हे – त्रि – ड – जै – धा – घो – द – दृ – लि – णै – नौ – ढा – मू – फे – ञ – षु – हृ – थो – भा – टी – कॢ – त्रे – मा – पि – ज्ञा – ङ – यु – ठू – तृ – बे – फो – गौ – हु – दू .
13b. Read and transliterate:
हिमालयः – एकदा – हरणम् – भाषमहै – एकधा – ऐतरेयः – सहितम् – एतत् – ऐरावतः – महाभारतम् – ऐरावणः – हरिणः - एकावली - परिहासेन – हंसः – एकम् – हलाहलम् – हननम् – एकशतम् – हृदयम् – ऐलब – होत्रा – सहायता – एवम् – हरिः – हृषिकेशः – अहो – साहसः – हिमम् – एकता – अपाहृतम् – ऐक्यम् – मशहरी– ऐतिहासिक ।
13c. Write in the Devanagari script:
gohe, aham, ekapādena, vivāhaḥ, hasati, gṛhāṇa, ahameva, apāhṛta, ekākī, ekala, ekamukha, aiḍa, ūhā, himavān, hetuḥ, dehabalam, mahārajaḥ, ekādaśa, haṭhayogaḥ, aibhaḥ, bālāpaharaṇam, suhṛt, hemavatī, nahi, mahādevaḥ, saha, ekacitīka, gūhate, jighāṁsati, mahārājādhirājaḥ, pacāvahe, pacāmahai, aiṣamaḥ.

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ವಸುಧೈವ ಕುಟುಂಕಮ್ /The world is one family / वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्