Vinayakan

The key of the previous lesson
3a
nāgaḥ, guru, guruḥ, sālaḥ, sutaḥ, sutam, sutāḥ, bhāraḥ, bhāratam, surasaḥ,
sulabha, lābhaḥ, saḥ, sā, san, sumanasā, sāman, ramā, nābhaḥ, ruta, muralā.
3b
शासनम्। सुशासनम्। नभस्। नभसा। समान। समानः। समानाः। मुरः। रसः।
रसम्। रस्। रसा। सुतः। शलभः। सुरः। सुराः। मारः। नलः।

Lesson 4

In this lesson we will learn four new consonants. All the four are similar in shape.
va → व, ba → ब, ka → क, kha → ख
Kha (ख) is an aspirated ka (क). Note that ख (kha) is similar to रव (rava).
This may cause confusion to beginners.
Have a look to the following syllables.
व (va), वा (vā), वु (vu), व् (v), ब (ba), बा (bā),
बु (bu), ब् (b) क (ka), का (kā), कु (ku), क् (k),
ख (kha), खा (khā), खु (khu), ख् (kh)
Repetion of all the syllables we already know. They are in alphabetical sequence.
क् – क – का – कु – ख् – ख – खा – खु – ग् – ग – गा – गु – त् – त – ता – तु – न् –
न – ना – नु – ब् – ब – बा – बु – भ् – भा – भु – म् – म – मा – मु – र् – र – रा – रु –
ल् – ल – ला – लु – व् – व – वा – वु – श् – श – शा – शु – स् – स – सा – सु।
Here is the Roman transcription:
k – ka – kā – ku – kh – kha – khā – khu – g – ga – gā – gu – t – ta – tā – tu – n –
na – nā – nu – b – ba – bā – bu – bh – bhā – bhu – m – ma – mā – mu – r – ra –
rā – ru – l – la – lā – lu – v – va – vā – vu – ś – śa– śā – śu – s – sa – sā– su.

Exercise 4a
Read the following Sanskrit words (don’t bother about the meaning)
कामः। वारम्। भवान्। खुरः। बलभः। बकः। तव। भारः। वासः। वासा। भवनम्। रुतम्। खातम्।
कुशः। गुरुः। सुरः। भवताम्। वसु। कवलः। कालः। कुवासः। बकानाम्। शुभम्।
4b. Write in (Deva)nagari script:
kamalam, vāraḥ, kārakaḥ, khakāraḥ, sukham, balam, bālām, kāśaḥ, kātaraḥ, vāk, vāsu,
kālaḥ, bhāvaḥ, guruḥ, khagaḥ, kulam, sukulam, kuvāsānām, balavān, balavatā, kurutaḥ,
kharaḥ, vanam, bālaḥ, kākaḥ, kulālaḥ, vāma, gurukhagavāsānām.

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ವಸುಧೈವ ಕುಟುಂಕಮ್ /The world is one family / वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्

Vinayakan

The key of the previous lesson
4a.
kāmaḥ, vāram, bhavān, khuraḥ, balabhaḥ, bakaḥ, tava, bhāraḥ, vāsaḥ, vāsā, bhavanam, rutam,
khātam, kuśaḥ, guruḥ, suraḥ, bhavatām, vasu, kavalaḥ, kālaḥ, kuvāsaḥ, bakānām, śubham.
4b.
कमलम्। वारः। कारकः। खकारः। सुखम्। बलम्। बालाम्। काशः। कातरः। वाक्। वासु। कालः। भावः। गुरुः। खगः। कुलम्। सुकुलम्। कुवासानाम्। बलवान्। बलवता। कुरुतः। खरः। वनम्। बालः। काकः। कुलालः। वाम। गुरुखगवासानाम्।

Lesson 5
The long u (ū)
We know already to write the short u: कु – लु – तु – मु – नु – सु – रु.
The long ū is written by a longer comma in the right direction.
कू (kū), लू (lū), तू (tū), मू (mū), नू (nū), सू (sū), रू (rū).
Special attention for रू (rū), where the comma is written inside the symbol.

Four new consonants with similar shape.
pa → प , pha → फ , ṣa → ष , ṇa → ण .
The pha / फ is an aspirated pa / प.
The ṣa / ष and ṇa / ण are retroflex. The tip of the tongue curls back so that the underside of the tip touches the roof of the mouth in the postalveolar or palatal region.
The ण (ṇa) is retroflex न (na) and ष (ṣa) is retroflex श (śa).
The ण (ṇa) is never at the beginning of a word, the ष (ṣa) can be found at the beginning of a word but very rarely.
Examples of the new letters:
प् – प – पा – पु – पू – फ् – फ – फा – फु – फू – ण् – ण – णा – णु – णू –ष् – ष – षा – षु – षू .
p – pa – pā – pu – pū – ph – pha – phā – phu – phū – ṇ – ṇa – ṇā – ṇu – – ṇū – ṣ – ṣa – ṣā – ṣu – ṣū .

Exercise 5a. Read these Sanskrit words.
पतनम्। फलम्। भूषणम्। पूरा। भाषा। पापः। फालः। पुरुषः। पूगफलम्। भूपालनम्। रूपम्।
रूपवान्। भाषाणाम्। पूलः। वनपालकानाम्। शरणागतानाम्। बालरामः। रामसूनुवनवासः। सूपः।
सूतान्। मूलम्। फणकारः। गुरूणाम्। वपुषः। पापकारणम्। वनफलानाम्। गमनमूलकारणम्।
Exercise 5b. Write in Devanagari
pātaḥ, patanam, phalavān, pūtanā, pūraṇam, purātana, purāṇaḥ, bhāṣaṇam, phalanam, pūt,
pūgam, rāmāṇām, rāmanāma, rūpakam, rūpavatām, pūṣā, pālakaḥ, śaraṇam, vanagamanakāraṇāt, rāmaśaraṇagatānām, sūnuḥ, kūpaḥ, kūpāḥ, kaphaḥ, gūraṇam,, latāpāśāḥ, guruṣu, pāpamūlam, rāmabhūṣaṇakāraṇamūlam.

Repete all the five lessons. You have to wait some days for the next lesson.

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ವಸುಧೈವ ಕುಟುಂಕಮ್ /The world is one family / वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्

Jonne

nice lessons

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-Jonne
Guess how to pronounce it

Vinayakan

I had some troubles with internet connection. I will continue as soon as possible.

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ವಸುಧೈವ ಕುಟುಂಕಮ್ /The world is one family / वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्

Vinayakan

The key of the previous lesson:
5a
patanam, phalam, bhūṣaṇam, pūrā, bhāṣā, pāpaḥ, phālaḥ, puruṣaḥ, pūgaphalam, bhūpālanam,
rūpam, rūpavān, bhāṣāṇām, pūlaḥ, vanapālakānām, śaraṇāgatānām, bālarāmaḥ, rāmasūnuvanavāsaḥ,
sūpaḥ, sūtān, mūlam, phaṇakāraḥ, gurūṇām, vapuṣaḥ, pāpakāraṇam, vanaphalānām, gamanamūlakāraṇam.
5b
पातः। पतनम्। फलवान्। पूतना। पूरणम्। पुरातन। पुराणः। भाषणम्। फलनम्। पूत्। पूगम्।
रामाणाम्। रामनाम। रूपकम्। रूपवताम्। पूषा। पालकः। शरणम्। वनगमनकारणात्। रामशरणगतानाम्। सूनुः। कूपः। कूपाः। कफः। गूरणम्। लतापाशाः। गुरुषु। पापमूलम्। रामभूषणकारणमूलम्।

Lesson 6
In this lesson we will learn a new vowel sign. The short i and the long ī.
The short i is placed before the consonant and the ī long after it.
So we have ki → कि ; kī → की. ( कि is ki and never ik !)
So we can make now: खि (khi), खी (khī), गि (gi), गी (gī), णि (ṇi), णी (ṇī), ति (ti), ती (tī), नि (ni), नी (nī), पि (pi), पी (pī), फि (phi), फी (phī), बि (bi), बी (bī), भि (bhi), भी (bhī), मि (mi), मी (mī), रि (ri), री (rī), लि (li), ली (lī), वि (vi), वी (vī), शि (śi), शी (śī), षि (ṣi), षी (ṣī), सि (si), सी (sī).
In this lesson we will have just two new consonants.
ya → य ; tha →थ
थ is like त (dental t) but aspirated (with h-sound).

Read the next exercise:
6a
कथा। यावत्। नाथः। मया। कायः। पिता। पीत। वीरः। विनायकः। लिखति। यानम्। भयम्। शिवः।
नमः शिवाय। वयम्। युवाम्। यूयम्। विना। लीला। विमल। शीतः। रथः। पिकः। विशाल। शिरसि। शीतलम्। तिथिः। फलति। यथा। तथा। भाययति। यायति। यमुना। कथानकः। भीः॥

Write in Devanagari:
6b
katham, yāvati, yāpanam, tayā, matiḥ, yāti, bhagavān, bhagavatī, nīla, gamayati, yuvakaḥ, yuvatiḥ, kathayāmi, śītam, pibati, pibataḥ, pibathaḥ, pibāmi, pibāmaḥ, pibāvaḥ, gaṇapatiḥ, mathanam, śiśira, yavanaḥ, śītavayuḥ, vātiḥ, māpitaḥ, viparītam, vibhuḥ, śirasā, yathābhūtam, śibiram, viṣam, tīram, bhītiḥ, mathurā, vāpī, vibhūtimānayatam.

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ವಸುಧೈವ ಕುಟುಂಕಮ್ /The world is one family / वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्

Vinayakan

The key to the exercises of Lesson 6.
6a
kathā, yāvat, nāthaḥ, mayā, kāyaḥ, pitā, pīta, vīraḥ, vināyakaḥ, likhati, yānam, bhayam, śivaḥ, namaḥ śivāya, vayam, yuvām, yūyam, vinā, līlā, vimala, śītaḥ, rathaḥ, pikaḥ, viśāla, śirasi, śītalam, tithiḥ, phalati, yathā, tathā, bhāyayati, yāyati, yamunā, kathānakaḥ, bhīḥ.
6b
कथम्। यावति। यापनम्। तया। मतिः। याति। भगवान्। भगवती। नील। गमयति। युवकः। युवतिः। कथयामि। शीतम्। पिबति। पिबतः। पिबथः। पिबामि। पिबामः। पिबावः। गणपतिः। मथनम्। शिशिर। यवनः। शीतवयुः। वातिः। मापितः। विपरीतम्। विभुः। शिरसा। यथाभूतम्। शिबिरम्। विषम्। तीरम्। भीतिः। मथुरा। वापी। विभूतिमानयतम्॥

Lesson 7
In this lesson we will learn only vowels.
First we learn e, ai, o, au. All these four vowels are long.
e - Like é in French. English a in late, but only in the Indian pronounciation. The native English and Americans diphtongize it. Tamil ஏ.
ai – This is a diphtong. A short a followed by a short i. German ei, or English i in bite, but not that strong. Tamil ஐ. The standard Hindi (or Western Hindi) pronounciation of ai is like è.
But this is not in Sanskrit.
o – A pure o. Beware for diphtongizing (For native speakers of English).Tamil ஓ.
au – This is also a diphtong. A short a followed by a short u. The standard Hindi (or Western Hindi) pronounciation of au is like ò. This is not the Sanskrit pronounciation of au. Tamil ஔ.
Let’s make the characters with ka (क).
ke → के, kai → कै, ko → को, kau → कौ .
We already know:
क (ka), का (kā), कि (ki), की (kī), कु (ku), कू (kū), के (ke),
कै (kai), को (ko), कौ (kau), कः (kaḥ), क् (k)

The same with ra (र).
र (ra), रा(rā), रि (ri), री (rī), रु (ru), रू (rū), रे (re), रै (rai), रो (ro), रौ (rau), रः (raḥ), र् (r).

Identify the following syllables :
पो, ति, वे, लौ, मे, थु, स, न् , खा, णै, शो, लु, षु, बू , प् , फी, ब, रे,
या, खैः, गौः, तू , ने, भूः, र् , फौ, खे, ला, बि, से, भि, तो, की, शा, ल्.
(po), (ti), (ve), (lau), (me), (thu), (sa), (n), (khā), (ṇai), (śo), (lu), (ṣu), (bū), (p), (phī), (ba), (re), (yā), (khaiḥ), (gauḥ), (tū), (ne), (bhūḥ), (r), (phau), (khe), (lā), (bi), (se), (bhi), (to), (kī), (śā), (l).

Untill now we know vowels signs placed after a consonant. But how to write consonant at the beginning of a word ?
a → अ, ā → आ, o → ओ, au → औ, aḥ → अः
Examples:
अशोकः (aśokaḥ), आखुः (ākhuḥ), ओषः (oṣaḥ), औकारः (aukāraḥ).

Now try to read the following Sanskrit words:
7a
अतिरागः। अतुलनम्। अतः। अनयः। अमलकम्। अनुरागः। आशा। आसनम्। आयुतम्। आरावः। आयुः। आकाशः। ओणिः। ओष। औषस। भौमिका। कोशः। कोकिलः। कोमल। कौलिक। पौरुष। पुरुषः। भागौ। कमले। लोककथा। लेखकः। लेखनी। रामायणम्। कौरवः। सोमवारः। पौराः। खोरः। पौरोगवः। पोषणम्। नगरेषु। भारते। अनुकूलम्। शैवाः। काकौ। रामायणकथालेखनम्। अशोकवनम्। मेषपालनम्। गोशाला॥
7b
Write in Devanagari.
atisāraḥ, amuka, atulānām, apāyanam, anugamanam, aparataḥ, āśāvatī, vīravānaraḥ, oganaḥ, bhogaḥ, kharau, sopānam, āgamanam, laukika, lopaḥ, āgamalekhakānām, mauninaḥ, ām, kaupīnam, balam, bālam, keśaḥ, modakaḥ, gaṇeśaḥ, kopaḥ, kauśika, anusāraḥ, āvāpaḥ, punarāgamanāya, narau, atibhāṣaṇam, kautukavaśāt, śaivāgamamatānusāreṇa, anubhāveṣu, gorasaḥ, rephaḥ.

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ವಸುಧೈವ ಕುಟುಂಕಮ್ /The world is one family / वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्

Vinayakan

Can you read his five names?

गणेशः। गणपतिः। विनायकः। कपिलः। सुमुखः।

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ವಸುಧೈವ ಕುಟುಂಕಮ್ /The world is one family / वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्