The Top-down Processing is used to decipher what is heard on the basis of the aforementioned factors such as previous knowledge and world knowledge, i.e., the listener tries to work out or extract from what is heard that which he presumes to be the core meaning, or interpret what is heard. (see Lynch/Mendelsohn, 2002. p. 197 and Hermes 1998, p. 222). In addition, it also comes down to carrying, for example, if the listener can still construct a meaningful statement from what is heard in spite of incomplete or grammatically incorrect sentences, or sentences not completely understood (such as announcements in railroad stations or airports), namely by completing the new, incomplete sentence on the basis of previous information or interpreting the incomplete sentence through his previous and world knowledge.(see Lynch/Mendelsohn, 2002, p. 197 und Hermes 1998, p. 222)
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