Hmm writing's not clear yet?
I decided to do a quick revision lesson on this. I will try to be c l e a r and explain well hehe
First of all, you have to know the alphabet. AND the different forms.
Let's take the word "Maa'idah"
مَـائِـدَة
How do we 'build' it?
well m is م
and long aa is ا
If we put them after each other we get مـا, as the 'beginning' form of m is مـ.
Then, the next sound is 'i. 'i in the middle of a word is written with 'y' with hamza (ء). So, 'i would be ئِ and if were are going to add something to it, it's
ئِـــ. As you know, we cannot connect "a" and "y".. so far we have
مَـائِــ .. "maa'i".. Next we have to add "dah" to it. d in middle form is ــد so if we add it to
مَـائِــ we get
مَـائِـد . But that's only maa'id. The final sound is "ah" which we can get by using ta' marbouta, which is a normal h (ه) but with two dots ة.
So, what do we after all have?
maa - مَــا
'i - ئِــ
dah - ـــدَ ة
Maa'idah -
مَــائِــدَ ة
I hope you're not lost yet.
Then, the thing with short and long vowels.
what do you write if you want to say "ba" ? with short a?
بَ is the answer. You take "b" and add a short line above it, which gives it a short a sound.
What about "baa" then, with long aa?
بــا is the answer. you don't have to add the short line above b, as it's followed by alif, which gives it long aa.
So, how would you write babaa ?
if you are thinking of بَـبـا, you're right!
Let's change vowel now. How would you write "bi" ?
بِ is the answer. Yes. It looks like ba, but the short line is under the letter. it gives it a short i sound.
and for long bii.. the rule is same as with baa..
بــي
just take b and add "y". it gives the b long ii sound.
And finally, u. The vowel mark for u is short waw, و above the letter.
bu = بُ. And for long buu, just take b and add waw (و).
بـو buu.
Clear?
I think i will have a word on my exercises and future lessons (btw, i'm not going to write all of them *couighasmasalimnadiacough*)
If you don't understand the words given in exercises, don't care. If I think it's better to understand them, i will give the translations.
And finally, I'll try to put lesson 3 in few words.
Dog = كَـلْـب, kalb in Arabic. If you want to say "a dog", you add "-un" to the word, which makes it uncertain, like english article "a" makes a word uncertain. The ending is done by adding two dammas* above the last letter of the word.
a dog= kalbun.
*when writing with computer, it somehow combines the dammas together when it looks like
ٌ .. but that is same as
ُُ ُ .
Then, if you want to say "the dog", you add the article "al" (الــ) in beginning of the word and take the n away from "un".
the dog = al kalbu.
EXERCISE:
Is the word certain or not?
شَـمْـسٌ
الـكِـتـابُ
الــرَ جُــلُ
"SUN LETTERS"
ش س ر ز د ذ ت ث ن ل ظ ط ص ض are 'sun letters'. If the word where you want to add the article "al" begins with a consonant shown belove, the "l" of "al" changes to it. Ie. al + shams = ash-shams, not al-shams.
Al + rajul = ar-rajul, not al-rajul. When this happens, you also add shadda (ّ ) above the consonant, as it's stressed. You hear ashshams, not ashams.
a sun =
شَـمْـسٌ = shamsun
the sun =
الشَّــمْـسُ = Ash-shamsu
Clearer now
?
Don't hesistate to ask if you didn't understand!
And the exercise is to read aloud and transliterate the text below. I hope the font is enough large!
صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنعَمتَ عَلَيهِمْ غَيرِ المَغضُوبِ عَلَيهِمْ وَلاَ الضَّالِّينَ