Jonne

This lesson includes
- personal pronouns
- a text
- sentence stuff
- cases: ablative, adessive
- exercises
- introduction to verbs


Let's start with personal pronouns..

I - sinä
YOU - minä
HE/SHE - hän
WE - me
YOU - te
THEY - he

It - se


Salimin kissa on iso. Sillä on isot silmät mutta pieni nenä ja suu. Asman mielestä se on lihava kuin possu.

Salimin - a genetive of salim, which means "salim's", of course!
kissa - the nominative of cat
on = is
iso = big
sillä = on it. Sillä on = it has (verb "on" is used for 'to have' in finnish)
silmä = eye
mutta = but
pieni = small
nenä = nose
ja = and
suu = mouth
Asman mielestä = Asma thinks that... (Salimin mielestä, Jonnen mielestä, Nanin mielestä etc.)
se = it
lihava = fat
kuin = like/as
possu = pig

EXERCISE:
Translate the text into English. Change subjects SALIM, ASMA and KISSA to JONNE, NANI and lehmä (lehmä=cow).

ABLATIVE & ADESSIVE

ABLATIVE:
ablative is used for 'from someone'. Its suffix is -lta or -ltä.

Jonnelta = from jonne
Asmalta = from asma
Salimilta = from salim (see, you add an extra vowel before the ending, if the word ends with a consonant.)

ähtäriltä (a city in finland) = from ähtäri (as 'from a city of ähtäri)


ADESSIVE
it is used for 'on, at' but also for owning something.
the suffix is -lla or -llä, depending on the vowels of course.

talolla=on house
katolla=on roof etc.

if you add it to a person, or city, it means that s/he has something.

päivillä, kimmolla, pasilla, johannalla etc.

Päivillä on.. = Päivi has..
Kimmolla on.. = Kimmo has..
etc.

Päivillä on kissa = Päivi has a cat
Pasilla on auto = Pasi has a car.

simple.

EXERCISES:
Say
- from päivi
- from taru
- from pasi
- from mika
- salim has a cow
- nani has a pig
- asma has a car

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INTRODUCTION TO VERBS

Verbs conjugates in four tenses; present, imperfect, perfect & pluperfect.
example:
present: he eats
imperfect: he ate
perfect: he has eaten
pluperfect: he had eaten

besides these, you can also conjugate them in four moods; indicative, potential, imperative & conditional. Indicative is a sentence like "i eat", "you eat" "she ate" etc. potential is something like "i will cry".. i can't explain it.. maybe something like future tense.. but difficult. most of the people can't deal with it at all so they don't use it. besides, for future it's enough to say "i do something" + tomorrow/next week etc. imperfect is like a command "eat! clean!" etc..and then, conditional is asking very kindly "WOULD you do that" etc. we will propably learn conditional and/or imperative.. indicative you'll learn with the time tenses.. and potential is too difficult.

anyway, i'll let you think about the present tense..

to sit = istua
i sit = (minä) istun
you sit = (sinä) istut
he/she sits = hän istuu
we sit = (me) istumme
you pl. sit = (te) istutte
they sit = he istuvat.

focus on the cases, the text etc. be sure to know the cases we've learnt by HEART. it is VERY important.

__________________
-Jonne
Guess how to pronounce it