So, in this lesson i'll teach more cases to you.
full list of cases you can find from
http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/finnish-cases.html with some explanations.
PLURAR
making a word plurar is very easy indeed. generally you just have to add -t, as you add -s in english.
talo - talot (houses)
kissa - kissat (cats)
kisa - kisat (competitions)
tietokone - tietokoneet (remember the rule with words ending -e?) (computers)
vene - veneet (boats)
laulu - laulut (songs)
something you have to remember
to not sound funny, remember that if the last consonant of the word it
double k, p or t you'll have to delete the other of them. this is with EVERY CASE!!!!
lippu - liput (flags)
katto - katot (roofs)
lukko - lukot (locks)
you don't have to suffer with back and front vowels with plurar.. but irregulars.. there are some, and they are the best to learn word-by-word. later about them..just learn the basic plurar now!
also note that you can't add a case ending to this kind of a plurar..
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INESSIVE - INESSIIVI
inessive tells you that something is somewhere. it's similar to english prefix 'in'
inessive is made by adding -ssa or -ssä to the word.
talo - talossa (in a/the house)
laulu - laulussa (in a/the song)
helsinki - helsingissä (in helsinki)
kenkä - kengässä (in a/the shoe)
to know which ending add (ssa/ssä), look at the vowels. if it has any back vowels, then the ending has them too. if it has any front vowels, or only middle vowels, the ending will have front vowels.
the rule with doubled k/t/p works with this too
lippu - lipussa
katto - katossa
PLURAR
easy-beasy. just remember to add i before the ending.
taulu - tauluissa
katto - katoissa
just add 'i' before the endind!
when you say 'in boats', you don't say "veneeissä", but "veneissä". you must agree that veneeissä looks strange.
ELATIVE - ELATIIVI
elative, ending -sta or -stä, depending on the vowels, means the same as english 'from'.
oulu - oulusta (from oulu)
helsinki - helsingistä (from helsinki)
vene - veneestä (from boat)
PLURAR
same as with inessive. just add i before the suffix.
oulu - ouluista
vene - veneistä [yes you don't say veneeistä. wouldn't it look scary, huh?]
and you can't use this one with anything living (people & animals)
ILLATIVE - ILLATIIVI
propably the easiest case. you'll learn it from examples:
Oulu - Ouluun (to oulu)
helsinki - Helsinkiin (to helsinki)
the ending is
some vowel + n
the vowel is the same that the word ends with.
and you most propably don't need to know the plurar of this case.. would you say 'to finlands', huh?
you can use this only with places. with people&animals you use
ALLATIVE - ALLATIIVI
..yess.. if i want to say "to/for asma" , i can't say "asmaan". it'd mean 'to asma' as inside asma. get what i mean?
the ending is always -lle.
jonne - jonnelle
asma - asmalle
satu - satulle
jukka - jukalle
atte - atelle (remember the rule with k p and t)
easy, isn't it?
EXERCISES
INESSIVE
say
-in ruotsi
-in kairo
-in amman
-in ähtäri
ILLATIVE
say
-to dubai
-to ähtäri
-to kairo
ELATIVE
say
-from dubai
-from kairo
-from finland
ALLATIVE
say
-to salim
-to nani
-to katti (same as kissa)
COMMENTS? too much stuff?
the next lesson will focus on expressions and words etc. not so much grammar.