PARTITIVE - PARTITIIVI
(It's one of the cases)
Now, this is an interesting case
If you want to make a partitive, you just add -a, -ä, -tä or -ta to the word. (We'll see about the rules a bit later).
Let's use the word 'talo' with the examples...
TALO means just a house.. or the house.
TALOA means kinda 'of the house'
(In arabic this would be same as the ending -an in fos7a)
you use partitive with verbs.. a word which is an object of action gets the ending -a, -ä, -tä or -ta.
you see,
Dog eats = koira syö
bread = leipä
Dog eats bread
Koira syö leipä
ä
as "dog eats of a bread"
'leipä' is the object..i think you could say that you use a partitive if
you do something to something. of course, not with sentences as 'i sit on a chair' as you don't really do anything to the chair
get it? ask if you didn't so i can try explaining more.
then the last case we're going to learn in this lesson..
The rules as i promised
Ending -a / -ä will be added if the word ends with a short vowel.
kirja - kirjaa
pääkaupunki - pääkaupunkia
talo - taloa
poika - poikaa
tyttö - tyttöä
Ending -ta / -tä will be added if the word ends with a consonant, diphtong, long vowel or two different vowels.
vastaus - vastausta
mies - miestä
tie - tietä
työ - työtä
kuu - kuuta
(but but but.. if the word is at least three syllables long, and ends with two different vowels, you can use the -a / -ä.. as radio - radioa instead of radiota.)
Ending -tta / -ttä will be added if the word ends with e.
lause - lausetta
kappale - kappaletta
virhe - virhettä
If the word ends with i, it's irregular and you have to learn the ending word by word, since it can be either -a, -ä, -ta or -tä.
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Partitive is used after numbers, or if you count something
three houses - kolme taloa (talo/a)
many men - monta miestä (mies/tä)
couple of weeks - pari viikkoa (viikko/a)
half of a day - puoli päivää (päivä/ä)
It is also used in greetings, as good morning etc.
good morning - hyvää (hyvä/ä) päivää (päivä/ä)
good weekend - hyvää (hyvä/ä) viikonloppua (viikonloppu/a)
welcome - tarvetuloa (tervetulo/a)
And as i said before, as an object of an action.
I eat you - Minä syön sinua (sinä/ua)
EXERCISE
Put the word into partitive..
- kissa
- mitta (deleting the consonant doesn't work with the partitive)
- tietokone
- rauha
- sauna
- suklaa
- mies
- nainen