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The Attachment is to § 2.9 digraph.
2.10 phonetic signs sinais indicadores de sons
Apart from letters themselves, some diacritic signs in writing can help us grasp the authentic pronunciation of words and letters, which signs includes the following:
2.10.1 acute accent acento agudo
"´", which can fall on the five vowels as: á, é, ó (open and accented); í, ú (
acute and accented),
while I thought the original text got sth. wrong!
2.10.2 circumflex acento circunflexo
"^", which can only fall on three vowels as: â, ê, ô (close and accented).
2.10.3 tilde til
"~", which can only fall on two vowels as: ã, õ (nasal and accented).
2.10.4 grave accent acento grave
"`", which can only fall on vowel a in modern PT, indicating a grammatical phenomenon (see "§ 16.2.21 contraction of prepositions with other words"), also close in phonetics as: à, às.
2.10.5 diaeresis trema
"¨", which can only be used in Brazil, placed on the letter
u in syllables
gue, gui, que, qui to form respectively
güe, güi, qüe, qüi, that
u should be pronounced:
agüentar endure
lingüística linguistics
cinqüenta fifty
tranqüilo tranquil
PT does not apply diaeresis, whether u is pronounced depends on customs.
According to the "Orthographic Accord of The Portuguese Language (1990)", PT does not apply this sign except some loanwords.
My Note: In fact, I input this sign in ES keyboard, because there is no such function keys in PT keyboard, maybe the "loanwords" is from Spanish!
2.10.6 apostrophe apóstrofo
" ' ", which is used in following occassions in writing:
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