Salam!
I liked this topic very much, so....
Some of the legacy from Arabic to Portuguese, probably you know it already, but here it goes:
Alambic El inbiq Alambique
Alcazar El Kazar Alcácer (There´s a village in Portugal with this name)
Alchimie El kimia Alquimia
Alcool El Kuhl Álcool
Alcôve Alcoba Alcova
Alezan Alazan Alazão
Alfa Halfa Alfa
Algèbre El djabr Álgebra
Algorithme El khaouarisme Algoritmo
Almanach El-manakh Almanaque
Amalgame Al malgama Amálgama
Ambre El anbar Âmbar
Amiral Amir El Bahr Almirante / Emir
Arsenal arsenale Arsenal
Azimut Alsamt Azimute
Benzène Benzine Benzina
Calibre Qualib Calibre
Café Kahwa Café
Calife Khalifa Califa
Camphre Kafour Cânfora
Carafe Caraffa Garrafa
Chiffre sifra Cifra
Douane Doana Aduaneiro (it´s the adjective)
Ecarlate Saqirlat Escarlate
Elixir Al-Iksir Elixir
Fakir Faqir Faquir
Fardeau Fard Fardo
Felouque Faluca Feluca (They´re lovely
)
Magasin Makhazine Magasine
Momie Moumia Múmia (They´re a bit scary
)
Nuque Nuqua Nuca
Orange Narandj Laranja
Raquette Rahat Raquete
Razzia Razya Razia
Sirop Charab Xarope
Sofa Suffa Sofá
Sucre Asucare Açúcar
Talc Talq Talco
Tasse Tassa Taça
Zénith Samt Zénite
Zéro Sifr Zero