Klowj

To know how to vocalize the ending consonant of a noun (or its adjective) you need to know its function in the sentence. After, you need to verify if it is determined or not.

1 - The noun is nominative (subject)
You will vocalize with the damma when determined and with the double-damma when undetermined.
Examples:
الولدُ الكبيرُ
ولدٌ كبيرٌ

2 – The noun is accusative (direct complement)
You will vocalize fatha if determined and with the double-fatha if undetermined. Note that you need to add an alif after the ending consonant in order to vocalize with a double-fatha (no need when it is the taa-marbuta).
Examples:
أريد الكتابَ I want the book
أريد كتاباً I want a book
(Orido lkitaaba, orido kitaban)

أكتب الرسالةَ I write the letter
أكتب رسالةً I write a letter
(Aktobo r-risaalata, aktobo risaalatan)


3 – The noun is genitive (indirect complement)
You will vocalize with the kasra if determined or with the double-kasra if undetermined
Examples :
أذهب إلى المطعمِ I go to the restaurant
أذهب إلى مطعمٍ I go to a restaurant

Those are the basics rules, and of course, there are some exceptions… I’m sure I do not know all of them yet, but next time, I will talk about those I know – it is related to annexation.

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